Language Analysis of Film: Directive Illocutionary Acts

Langu suppurate Analysis of Film directional Illocutionary snatchsBY MORTEN TYLDUMABSTRACTThis assignment is authorise A study of Directive Illocutionary Acts in Passengers Movie Script by Morten Tyldum. It is aimed at describing forms and kernels of Jims annotations found on Vandervekens system by using de handwritin pass around method.In the collecting data, I follows three symbolizes. Those argon data selection, data collection, and data classification. The selection stage was do by searching the delineation book of account as the data source, the data collection covers collecting the data from Jims remarks in the movie account book, and the data classification includes gathering Jims voxs which contain Directive Illocutionary Act. In analyzing the data, I follows some(prenominal) stages. They argon makeing categorizing, describing, and qualifying the vocalisations found in the data.CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONBackground of the StudyLanguage is characterd as a means of parley where hoi polloi use it as a tool to express their ideas and wishes. According to Ramelan (1991 8), Language plenty inspection and repair man to express his ideas and wishes to an opposite such(prenominal)(prenominal) as when he needs some helps, so that close relationship among members of the group arse be carried out. All world beings use language to interact with other members of the same patois community. It sess be said that language plays an important role as a means of converse.According to Chaer Augustin (2004 17), Communication is a work on by which information is ex swapd in the midst of individuals through a common system of symbol, sign or behavior. Therefore, language is an important tool in communication process participant (at least two people or a group), topic (what is talking close to), and means of communication (symbol, sign, etc.).Speech acts is the study of the meaning and the proceed of an vocalization. The speech is employ to clarify w hat the loud vocaliser does. Austin (1965 108) in his book How to Do Things with newsworthinesss, mention three types of speech acts they be Locutionary Act, Illocutionary Act, and Perlocutionary Act.The Locutionary Act refers to the referential or factual meaning of the sentence that is the literal meaning of the actual words. When we say,Im hungry, this utterance refers to the look into of the speaker unit which is hungry with no intention of ordering the listener to break off the speaker some food.The Illocutionary Act refers to the speakers intention in uttering the words (such as a request to close the door, or an offer of something). When we say, its very hot here, the speaker has some intention to order the listener to open the window or to turn on the air positioner.The Perlocutionary Act refers to the set this utterance has on the thoughts or actions of the other person such as someone actually closing the door or helping them to the food. When we say, on that po int is snake next to you this sentence brings an effect to the meeter ilk screaming or running. This sentence has perlocutionary effect to the he arer.Movie leger is a means of communication for an artist or a script writer to express their ideas. It laughingstock be in the form of written language. In spoken language, utterance makes the movie very pull. In addition, the utterance of speech act also describes or tells the viewers what the actors do in the movie.The object of this research is a movie entitled Passengers. I analyze this movie because in a movie I find out numerous Directive Illocutionary Acts in its script as summationy as to know the meaning of the utterance used in Illocutionary Act, because movie closer in daily conversation appeals of interview and talk show.1.2 Statement of the ProblemThe problem of this study can be stated as followsWhat the Directive Illocutionary Acts are found in the Passengers movie script?What are the meanings of the Illocutionary A cts the Passengers movie script?1.3 Scope of the StudyThis study is focuses on the Illocutionary Act peculiarly Directive Illocutionary Act in Jims utterances as the first character in the movie Passengers. In analyzing the Directive Illocutionary Act I use theory of Illocutionary Forces by Vanderveken.Objective of the StudyThe objectives of the study areTo identify Directive Illocutionary Acts in the Passengers movie script.To describe the meanings of utterance in Illocutionary Force found in the Passengers movie script.CHAPTER IIRESEARCH METHODResearch DesignBased on the problem analysis, this research uses descriptive research because it is aimed to identify the kinds of speech, especially Directive Speech Act. According to Isaac and Michael (1987 18), descriptive method is the method purpose is to describe systematically the facts and characteristics of a given population or field of battle of interest, factually and accurately. About this kind of research, Mardalis (1989 26) says that, descriptive research does not test a hypothesis or use a hypothesis it merely describes information harmonize to vari suitables that are observed.By using descriptive method, this study identifies the kinds of Illocutionary Act focusing on Directive Speech Act and their functions. This study took the data from the movie script Passengers by Morten Tyldum.Unit of AnalysisThe unit of analysis of this study is all utterances in Passengers movie script.Source of infoI took the data from the movie script Passengers by Morten Tyldum as the source of the data. The data of this study were taken from the internet website www.dailyscript.com.Technique of Data CollectionIn the methodology of collecting the data, I used documentation method. Documentation method is looking for the data about things or variables which are in the form of commemorates, transcription, book, newspaper, magazine, leafs etc. (Arikunto, 2002 206). I used the movie script to collect the data. In this resea rch, I shake the data through some phases. First, I search for the Passengers movie script in the internet. Second, I watch the Passengers movie to compreh fire the utterances. Third, I collect the data from the movie script that contains Directive Speech Act. Finally, I select the speakers utterances that contain Directive Speech Act.Technique of Data AnalysisThe techniques of data analysis are as followsFinding the Speakers utterances in the form of Directive Illocutionary Act.Categorizing the speakers utterances based on the function of Directive Illocutionary Act such as communicate, requesting, begging, and commanding.Describing the meaning in the utterances of Passengers Movie Scripts.Qualifying the utterances that contain directive speech acts.CHAPTER IIIDATA ANALYSISThe Directive Illocutionary Acts in Jims UtterancesThere are 16 utterances containing Directive Illocutionary Acts. Those are Asking (6), Commanding (3), Suggesting (2), Requesting (2), Adjuring (1), Begging ( 1) Forbidding (1).The Directive Illocutionary Acts found in the Passengers Movie Script is presented in the following eludeTable 3.1No.Directive IllocutionaryAmountPercentage (%) 1Asking637,5 %2Commanding318,75%3Requesting212, 5%4Suggesting212,5%5Begging16, 25%6Adjuring16, 25%7Forbidding13, 25%TOTAL16 light speed%From the table above, it can be seen that Asking is the most often Directive Illocutionary Act used by Jim. Jim likes to ask someone who is related with his business for the pastime of himself.The Meaning of Jims UtterancesThere are seven Directive Illocutionary Act used by Jim. The following sub chapter describe Directive Illocutionary Act what Jims meant by using those s outcomeh.3.2.1 Asking There are 6 Asking Directive Illocutionary Acts that are found in Jims utterances.Excerpt. 1Speech event Jane is waiting in the spacecratf, qualification no attempt to hide.Jim Joost.Jane Long time, mate.Jim Hows Alice?Jane Well, thanks.The Directive Illocutionary Act is petiti on and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Jane) about context.The room of transaction of the utterance is that the hearer (Jane) can give the service of the speakers (Jim) question.The propositional sate of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Jane) to process the Alices see to it as the move of his question.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Jane) can answer his question.The serious-mindedness condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really hopes that the hearer (Jane) can explain How Alice is condition now.The power point of bearing of the utterance shows that the speakers (Jim) earnestness to put d knowledge the explanation from the hearer (Jane).Excerpt. 2Jim Tim must be in college.Jane Big kids, big problem you know.Jim Companys doing well?Jane affectation complain. Eleven wars on the continent, business is brisk. (Looks at him)Speech event Heard you had a bit of trouble in the bush.The Directive Illocutionary Act is asking and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of Illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks the hearer (Jane) about something (the condition of company).The system of doing of the utterance is that the hearer (Jane) can give explanation to the speakers (Jim) question.The propositional kernel of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) asks the hearer (Jane) to explain their companys condition as the answer of his question.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Jane) can answer his question.The serious-mindedness condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really asks and really hopes the hearer (Jane) to explain the condition of their company.The level of strength of the utterance shows that Jim just needs the answer from Jane it shows Jims seriousness to get the explanation from Jane.Excerpt. 3Speech event When Jim talks with the bartender, suddenly Fawaz approaches him. He is a nervous wreck.Fawaz Oh, my deity, are you all right?Jim Wheres the farmer?Fawaz He found a job at a hotel. Spends all his time at the refugee offices. Not exactly the behavior of a man in self-possession of a priceless stone.The Directive Illocutionary Act is asking and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Fawaz) about something (the existence of someone).The mode of achievement of the utterance is that the hearer (Fawaz) can give the answer of the speakers (Jim) question.The propositional limit of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Fawaz) to answer the existences of someone as the answer of his question.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Fawaz) can answer his question.The sincerity c ondition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really hopes that the hearer (Fawaz) can explain where is the farmer now.The degree of strength of the utterance shows that the speakers (Jim) seriousness to get the explanation from the hearer (Fawaz).Excerpt. 4Speech event Jim lights a cigarette. Aurora appears and stands quietly beside him. Together they watch the removed(p) explosions.Auora I didnt actually hurt your feelings?Speech event He takes a long drag. Exhales.Jim How long you been in Africa?Auora Four months. Before that Kosovo.The Directive Illocutionary Act is asking and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Auora) about something (the time that she leaves).The mode of achievement of the utterance is that the hearer (Auora) can give the answer of the speakers (Jim) question.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Auora) to answer t he time that she leaves as the answer of his question.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Auora) can answer his question.The sincerity condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really hopes that the hearer (Auora) can answer how long she leaves in Africa.The degree of strength of the utterance shows that the speakers (Jim) seriousness to get the answer from the hearer (Auora).Excerpt. 5Speech event Auora is waiting as Jim walks back.Jim How is he?Auora They say hell live.The Directive Illocutionary Act is asking and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Auora) about the condition.The mode of achievement of the utterance is that the hearer (Auora) can give the answer of the speakers (Jim) question.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Auora) to answer the soldier condition as the a nswer of his question.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Aurora) can answer his question.The sincerity condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really hopes that the hearer (Aurora) can explain How is the soldier now.The degree of strength of the utterance shows that the speakers (Jim) seriousness to get the explanation from the hearer (Aurora).Excerpt. 6Speech event They pay back been walking for twelve hours. Jim has to sit.Jim How often farther- -?Solomon One day more.Speech event He kneels before Jim.The Directive Illocutionary Act is asking and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Solomon) about something (the time).The mode of achievement of the utterance is that the hearer (Solomon) can give the answer of the speakers (Jim) question.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Solomon) to answer the time that he reached as the answer of his question.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Solomon) can answer his question.The sincerity condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really hopes that the hearer (Solomon) can answer how untold farther the place that their reached.The degree of strength of the utterance shows that the speakers (Jim) seriousness to get the answer from the hearer (Solomon).3.2.2 CommandingThere are 3 Commanding Directive Illocutionary Acts that are found in Jims utterances and here is the analysisExcerpt. 7Speech event Three cut down trucks of Rebels SQUEAL into view and begin spraying everything with automatic weapons.Jim Yes or no?Speech event A whole life can change with a single syllable.Solomon Yes.Speech event A truck comes careening around the corner. Jim pushes Solomon as the wall behind them is sewn with bullets.Jim Go. GoSpeech event They begin to run.T he Directive Illocutionary Act is commanding and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Solomon) to do something (to run).The mode of achievement of the utterance is shows that the hearer (Solomon) can give the respond to the speakers (Jim) wants.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) is commanding to the hearer (Solomon) for getting what he wants (to run).The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Solomon) can respond his command.The sincerity of condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really hopes to the hearer (Solomon) can achieve his command.The degree of strength of the utterance is shows the speakers (Jim) seriousness to get respond from the hearer (Solomon).Excerpt. 8Speech event Jim seizes the moment sending an OPEN-HAND STRIKE to the throat of his would-be executioner, then grabbing the AK-47, a nd shooting him before ripping the gun out of his hands.Jim STAY DOWNSpeech event Solomon remains flattened behind the tree stump, head down.The Directive Illocutionary Act is commanding and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Solomon) to do something (to stay down).The mode of achievement of the utterance is shows that the hearer (Solomon) can give the respond to the speakers (Jim) wants.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) is commanding to the hearer (Solomon) for getting what he wants.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Solomon) can respond his command.The sincerity of condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) really hopes to the hearer (Solomon) can achieve his command.The degree of strength of the utterance is shows the speakers (Jim) seriousness to get respond from the hearer (Solomon).Exc erpt. 9Speech event Behind them, the jungle erupts with gunfire Solomon throws Dia to the ground. Jim takes cover four mercenaries are advancing. Jim Return Fire, get hold ofting two. The others hit the ground.Jim MOVE, MOVE, MOVESpeech event He shoves Solomon and Dia to their feet.The Directive Illocutionary Act is commanding and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) asks to the hearer (Solomon and Dia) to do something (to Move).The mode of achievement of the utterance is shows that the hearer (Solomon and Dia) can gives the respond to the speakers (Jim) wants (to move).The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) is commanding to the hearer (Solomon and Dia) for getting what he wants.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Solomon and Dia) can respond his command.The sincerity of condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) reall y hopes to the hearer (Solomon and Dia) can achieve his command.The degree of strength of the utterance is shows the speakers (Jim) seriousness to get respond from the hearer (Solomon and Dia).3.2.3 RequestingThere are 2 requesting Directive Illocutionary Acts that are found in Jims utterances and here are the analysisExcerpt. 10Speech event Jim has already begun heading toward Aurora. She sees him coming and watches him walk toward her. They meet in the middle of a crowded dance floor. All around them, sweaty bodies are swaying to the African beat.Aurora I supposed to kiss you or fuck you? I cant remember.Jim How about you dance with me?Aurora Should I ask what happened to your face?Speech event He takes her hand and leads her into the surging crowd.Aurora I guess not.Speech event They dance as best they can in the crush.The Directive Illocutionary Act is requesting and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) request to the hearer (Aurora) to do something (to dance together).The mode of achievement of the utterance is that the hearer (Aurora) can gives the speaker (Jim) leave to dance.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) request to the hearer (Aurora) to dance together.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Aurora) can meet his request.The sincerity condition of the utterance shows that Jim really hopes that Aurora wants to dance with him.The degree of strength of the utterance show Jims seriousness to asks for Auroras permission.Excerpt. 11Speech event Jim smilesAuora Its a world phone, by the way.Jim You should get on the plane.Aurora So should you?Speech event He smiles and turns away.Aurora are you going to call me?Jim soon as Im near a phone.Aurora Yeah, right.The Directive Illocutionary Act is requesting and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speake r (Jim) wants the hearer (Aurora) to do something.The mode of achievement of the utterance is that the hearer (Aurora) can give the speaker (Jim) wants.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) asks the hearer (Aurora) to get on the plane.The preparatory condition of the utterance is that Jim believes that Aurora can do his request.The sincerity condition of the utterance shows that Jim really hopes that Aurora will get on the plane.The degree of strength of the utterance shows Jim s seriousness to ask for Aurora to get on the plane.3.2.4 SuggestingThere are 2 Suggesting Directive Illocutionary Acts that are found in Jims utterances and here is the analysisExcerpt. 12Speech event The troop loss leader takes out knife and cut into the stitches.The goat squeals a little and kicks angrily. From under the goats skin, he takes a dozen small, rough DIAMONDS. The troop leader draws his .45 on Jim. mickle Leader You are under arrest for smuggling.Jim Now you l isten here, my man. I am a good friend of Minister Somora. He will not be pleased you have interfered with his business.Speech event Clearly the name of Minister Samora carries some weight.Jim (contd) You know who I am, dont you? What I am? I dont destine you want to mess with me. or my friends, eh? (changes his tack) How about I just look the other way and you pocket one or two of those stone. Buy something tight-laced for the wife. Or maybe the mistress, eh? (Re the shepherds) Whos going to tell? Them?Speech event The shepherds look, uncertain(p), from Jim to the Soldier.Troop Leader No.The Directive Illocutionary Act is suggesting and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) suggest to the hearer (Troop Leader) to do something (to do suggestion).The mode of achievement of the utterance is shows that the speaker (Jim) gives the option to refuse or receive to the hearer (Troop Leader) can not achieve the speakers (Jim) wants.The propositional content of the utterance is that the happiness acts to the hearer (Troop Leader). The speakers (Jim) suggest the hearer to pocket the stone and buy something nice for his wife.The preparatory condition of the utterance is shows that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Troop Leader) can achieve his request.The sincerity of condition of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) really hopes to the hearer (Troop Leader) can achieve his request.The degree of strength of the utterance is shows the speakers (Jim) seriousness to the hearer (Troop Leader) in order to receive his suggestion.Excerpt. 13Speech event Jim and Aurora has been talked about himself.Aurora Somehow I dont take you as the UNICEF type.Speech event Jim just smiles.Aurora (contd) I was going to say soldier-of- fortune but its such a clich.Jim How about hired gun. People see to like that one.Aurora Diamonds?Jim what if I told you I was a missionary.Aurora (Laugh) For Dewente?Jim Its not just rude to ask those kinds of questions, Ms. Bowen, its also dangerous.Aurora Ill take my chances.(leans closer)Sotell me about blood diamonds.Speech event And then, suddenly, Jim gets it. His face turns to stone.The Directive Illocutionary Act is suggesting and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) suggest to the hearer (Aurora) about something.The mode of achievement of the utterance is shows that the speaker (Jim) gives the option to refuse or receive to the hearer (Aurora) can not achieve the speakers (Jim) wants.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speakers (Jim) suggest the hearer (Aurora) to doing what he wants.The preparatory condition of the utterance is shows that the speaker (Jim) believes that the hearer (Aurora) can achieve his request.The sincerity of condition of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) really hopes to the hearer (Aurora) can achieve his request.The degree of stre ngth of the utterance is shows the speakers (Jim) seriousness to the hearer (Aurora) in order to receive his suggestion.3.2.5 BeggingThere are 1 Begging Directive Illocutionary Acts that are found in Jims utterances and here is the analysisExcerpt. 14Speech event Looks over at Solomon who has his arm protectively around Dia. The boy looks like the same innocent child he once was.Jim Take your boy home.Speech event Solomon looks back at him, tears in his eyes. He nods. Indeep and simple gratitude. Jim nods back. Then Jim Help me.Speech event He struggles to pick up the machine gun. Solomon puts it into his hands.Jim Put the strapover my shoulder.Speech event Solomon helps secure it in place.The Directive Illocutionary Act is Begging and the meanings of the utterance areThe point of illocution of the utterance is that the speaker (Jim) begs the hearer (Solomon) to do something (to take his boy).The mode of achievement of the utterance is shows that the speaker (Jim) wants the hearer (Solomon) to take his boy home.The propositional content of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) is begging to the hearer (Solomon) for getting what he wants.The preparatory condition of the utterance is shows that the speaker (Jim) is begging to the hearer (Solomon) as the effect of his need.The sincerity condition of the utterance shows that the speaker (Jim) is sincere in begging to the hearer (Solomon) because the speaker (Jim) really wants something to the hearer.The degree of strength of the utterance is increasing the speaker (Jim) shows that he really means it in begging to the hearer.3.2.6 AdjuringThere are 1 Adjuring Directive Illocutionary Acts that are found in Jims utterances and here is the analysisExcerpt. 15Speech event The sound of gunfire ECOMOG troops have seen something in the tree-line and have begun exchanging fire.Jim Hurry it up, folks Unless you want to end up the same waySpeech event Solomon cant move, just stares at the boy and mother.The Directive Illocutionary Act is Adjuring and the meanings of the utte organic evolution of the Christian spirit TheoriesDevelopment of the Christian Personality TheoriesChristian Personality Development From the Womb to the TombMichelle L. StellyAbstractResearch done using several(a) peer-reviewed journal articles, a theory of genius based on Christianity is proposed. Research has shown that all development, including constitution, is influenced even prior to conception based on how the future mother takes care of herself prior to implantation. It is needful for expectant mothers to keep their stress, care and depression at a minimum not just for their own health but the future mental health of their unborn child. It is the parent(s) duty to nurture all facets of the child all the way through adolescence, as prescribed by the Bible. Physical health is equally as important to character development as mental healthcare. People have times in life when they have an apparent shift in their temperament and this is all a part of development. Many have speculated about why one person grew up to one way charm another became another. trial-and-error studies of moral personality development will be continuous to show how using an integrative structure for examining personality can readily unite Christianity and psychology.Keywords development, infant, mother, Bible, parentsChristian Personality Development From the Womb to the TombPersonality develops over an entire lifespan and when done according to Gods plan life is much more enjoyable. Canonical correlation analysis showed that more religious individuals are healthier in general, which might be supported at least unexpectedly by the results reported here. It makes good reason that if people have two a spiritual and a natural essence that these dimensions would be interactive (Simpson, Newman Fuqua, 2007). integrate psychology with biblical studies, much like done at Liberty University, will provide guidance of G ods people according to His Word in developing healthy personalities.Foundations of PersonalityAccording to Feist, Feist, and Roberts (2013), there are differing definitions of personality and each is dependent upon the theorists part of the world, religious experiences, and many from their time as psychotherapists (pp. 3-4). In general, personality can be defined as a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a persons behavior (Roberts Mroczek, 2008) (Feist, Feist Roberts, 2013, p. 4). In a few ways we are all the same. We all have the same personal inclinations and share a basic nature of being. We all have physical bodies and personalities and we all have thoughts and feelings. Personality is made up of various traits and each arrangement is unalike for every individual. It comes from within the person and usually remains unchanged throughout life.Nature versus NurtureNature and nurture are both important but not interchangeable. Biology plays a huge role in personality development. Nature is the first influence on personality development as it begins in a persons DNA. Nurture takes place after birth and is impacted by a persons environment.Hans J. Eysenck noted three findings as evidence that personality is 75% hereditary and 25% a result of environmental influences (Feist, Feist Roberts, 2013, p. 411). Eysenck noted that research done by Robert R. McCrae and Juri Allik regarding the five-factor model of personality across cultures done in 2002 showed nearly identical personality traits among persons in difference parts of the world such as Uganda, Russia, and Japan (Feist, Feist Roberts, 2013, p. 411).Another piece of evidence from Eysencks own 1990 study that showed a higher concordance between identical twins than between same-gender fraternal twins reared together which suggests that heredity plays a dominant role in determining personality differences (Feist, Feist Roberts, 2013, p. 411). Personality develops from birth on. There are certain aspects of human behavior that come from human nature. Humans have natural instincts to find nutritional sustenance, seek out love and affection, and ask for help with the things they cannot do for themselves.From birth until the beginning of school age, which varies from child to child but is usually around age four or five, caretakers may notice certain behavioral traits which may mimic a personality type but essentially no permanent type has yet been established. Starting around age five until around age eleven people begin to develop the dominant personality traits begin to form and it becomes apparent as to how the child sets, such as if they are auditory or visual learners and if they work well in groups on solitary. From around age twelve or thirteen, when they are accounting entry adolescence, traits that support the dominant feature begin to appear how they make conclusivenesss, what they value in life, and their perception of things.Starting around age twenty, adults start to learn how their personality traits fit in with the rest of the world. This becomes very apparent when peers become coworkers rather than fellow students. For some people, sometime between the ages of 35 and 50, people may hit what is called a mid-life crisis because they begin to see facets of their life that they did not develop and feel a hale desire to satisfy these. After around age 50, the personality is more disciplined that those of younger stages and this is usually due to life experiences.The Unconscious. Carl Jung stated There are certain events of which we have not consciously taken note they have remained, so to speak, below the threshold of conscious. They have happened, but they have been absorbed subliminally (Mlodinow, 2012, p.5). Influences that we are not consciously cognizant of influence our actions. Dream content has been shown to be a reflection of peoples view on religion. Disagreeing with the normal thought that Christianity and science inevitably conflict with each other, dreaming offers an area of potential religionscience convergence (Bulkeley, 2009).View of Self. Different aspects of the self emerge in different periods of the lifespan (Klimstra, 2012). However, once new aspects of the self emerge, vivacious aspects do not finish growing. Therefore, it is important to consider several aspects of the self. Neuroscientists have performed studies using human brain mapping and have concluded that People who confess individualistic cultural values showed greater MPFC medial prefrontal cortex activation to general self-descriptions, whereas people who endorse collectivistic cultural values showed greater MPFC activation to contextual self-descriptions (Chiao, Harada, Komeda, Li, Mano, Saito, Parrish, Sadato, Iidaka 2009).Personality types. The personality can be assessed using the Myers-Brigs Personality Type Indicator (based on the theories of Carl Jung). Acc ording to this instrument, there sixteen personality types made up of four criteria. (E)xtraversion versus (I)ntraverson give a clue of if the person is focused on the outside world or only their inner circles. How they process information by either by way of the five senses (S)ensing or if they look for patterns ntuition. People make decisions by either (T)hinking or by (F)eeling. Finally, the test also measures how people prefer to live in the outside world, structured which is called (J)udging or more flexible, (P)erceiving. An example of personality type would be INFJ who is described asSeek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions. Want to understand what motivates people and are insightful about others. Conscientious and committed to their firm values. Develop a clear vision about how best to serve the common good. Organized and decisive in implementing their vision (Briggs-Myers, 2013).Progression of PersonalityAlthough more research is needed, there has been a link found between depressive as well as anxiety disorders in the mother prior to conception and the onset of depressive disorders and more severe anxiety disorders (Martini, et al., 2013). Progression is expected to flow in a basic manner, beginning in infancy, and personality development progresses based on modeling of caregivers examples. By the time the person reaches school age, people begin to progress to the next stage of internalizing all they absorbed in early childhood.Progression to maturity is exhibited by awareness of not only the self but of others and how the two work together. Life has progresses to a deeper meaning. erstwhile a person reaches the last stage of personality progression, development slows down and people become more passive. Dementia is something people fear because it represents personality changes, even at a mild stage, and this change is intimidating, especially to the elderly experiencing it.MotivationPeople are striving to acco mplish self efficacy as a result of their behavior. They decide what they should strive for based upon what will allow for them to satisfy their basic needs for love and acceptance and this can often be caused by how they are taught to internalize as well as environmental factors such as a desire to move out of an impoverished neighborhood. A person is motivated by desiring a sense of security and a lack of pain. Motivation at work is not always conditioned by external environment. However, it is more governed by internal worldones own orientation (Sengupta, 2011).Classroom activity has been shown to have an impact on motivation as well. Students are motivated either by making the best grades practicable or doing enough just to not fail. Self-motivation is probably the strongest form of motivation and this is seen in school aged children. People are motivated by retain and whether they realize it or not by challenges. Curiosity is a huge motivator as well.Maturation. Maturity happ ens primarily in adolescence when a child develops a sense of self separate from their agnatic unit. There are differences between genders as to when this happens and overall girls mature earlier than boys (Klimstra, Hale, III, Raajimakers, Branje Meeus, 2009). Brain mapping had proven reclaimable in this as well. Early prefrontal cortex damage has been associated with developmental deficits in mixer adaptation, moral behavior, and empathy that alter the maturation of social cognition and social emotions (Eslinger, Robinson-Long, Realmuto, Moll, deOlivera-Souza, Tovar-Moll, Wang, Yang, 2009).Situations that were ambiguously moral activated considerably more prefrontal lobe activity than did routine moral situations, suggesting the biological nature of personality maturation. The frontal polar stimulant does not change with age and the findings further endorse a substantial role for the medial prefrontal cortex in maturation of the moral decision making process. Personality dev elops greater maturity as the person ages but self-distinction decreases with age.Biblical IntegrationMany psychological viewpoints say that man cannot change his personality makeup because it is inbred through evolution. Christians know that personality can change because when they become saved they become a new being. The Holy Spirit is able to defy science and creates a Christian personality that exudes holiness, peace, and happiness. Christians have an advantage in personality development because when they see something not progressing to their liking, they can go to the scriptures to learn to deal with their sinfulness.While the Biblical canon does not go precisely into how each family unit is handled, it does give basic rules that empower one to discover what God expects of his followers. One such rule is prescribed in Luke 251, And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart (King James Version). T he guideline in this section shows that folks are given the power to coordinate, guide, and instruct and their kids by God. If Jesus allowed himself to be guided and heeded the words of his terrene mother and father, then children today need to allow theirs to do the same because this is to be as He was, and that is what people should strive for.There is the issue of master sin where the sin of Adam and Even is passed on to even the current generation as their offspring. Before the person accepts Jesus Christ as their savior, it is much easier to fall into this sinful nature. Once salvation is received, there is no excuse because the person was to have changed. This affects personality because it creates the trait of hypocrisy. While people are muted flesh and blood and cannot be perfect, the Bible gives a clear example of a model for personality development Jesus Christ.It is crucial that parents involve their children in activities that glorify God. Youth have the right to need sensible direction from their parent(s) and that unit is called upon to nurture their kids. That is, to have their backs, to raise them correctly, in the chastening and admonition of the maestro as stated in Ephesians 64 (American Standard Version). That is to mean that parents are be imitators of God in the reprimanding or guidance given to children. It is rebuking or disciplining based upon affection and care that forms the personality once the child is out of the womb. Before then, a parent must keep the word close to them to call forth the family unit even before it is conceptualized.ConclusionPersonality development starts with the mother. Her mental state before and during her pregnancy and create certain personality traits within her child. Once the child is born, it is the parents God given right and duty to nurture that child in a way that is fitting to Gods path. The home situation, the parental interaction as well as the relationship the child has with the familys chur ch plays a role in the nurture portion of personality while the traits one picks up during personality development and self-actualization becomes their nature. When a child reaches school age they begin to separate themselves with their parents in that they develop their own identity. It is important that they nonetheless have a strong relationship with God because He is the only one that can keep an eye on them all day, every day.When a person reaches the age to move out of their family home and embark on lifes adventures, they are still developing. They are learning just how strong their legs are for them to stand on. It is important for parents not to pick them up every time the fall so that they learn to rely on Jesus. Even until death, the human personality is still evolving. People become more set in their ways as they get older and often grow to dislike the youthfulness and the world around them. The only time the personality stops growing is when the person becomes a nonbe ing, be it through disability, coma, or death. Only with such a sturdy footing can buoy the load of the weight of personality development. Without the Bible as a foundation, the edifice would simply breakdown. Through it all, it is imperative there is a strong foundation based on Gods principles.ReferencesBriggs-Myers, I. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/the-16-mbti-types.aspBulkeley, K. (2009). The religious content of dreams A new scientific foundation. Pastoral Psychology, 58(2), 93-106. doi 10.1007/s11089-008-0180-8Chiao, J. Y., Harada, T., Komeda, H., Li, Z., Mano, Y., Saito, D., Parrish, T. B., Sadato, N., Iidaka, T. (2009). uneasy basis of individualistic and collectivistic views of self. Human Brain Mapping, 30(9), 2813-2820. doi 10.1002/hbm.20707Eslinger, P., Robinson-Long, M., Realmuto, J., Moll, J., deOliveira-Souza, R., Tovar-Moll, F., Wang, J., Yang, Q. (2009). Developmental frontal lobe imaging in moral judgment A rthur Bentons enduring influence 60 years later. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(2), 158-169. doi10.1080/13803390802298064Feist, J., Feist, G. J., Roberts, T. (2013). Theories of personality. (8 ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.Klimstra, T. A., Hale, III, W. W., Raajimakers, Q. A. W., Branje, S. J. T., Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). Maturation of personality in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(4), 898-912. doi 10.1037/a0014746Klimstra, T. (2013). Adolescent Personality Development and Identity Formation. Child Development Perspectives, 7(2), 80-84.doi10.1111/cdep.2013.7.issue-2Martini, J., Wittich, J., Petzoldt, J., Winkel, S., Einsle, F., Siegert, J., Hofler, M., Beesdo-Baum, K., Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich. (2013). Maternal anxiety disorders prior to conception, psychopathology during pregnancy and early infants development a prospective-longitudinal study. Archives of Women, 16(6), 549-560. doi 10.1007/s00737-013-0376-5Mlodinow, L. (2012) . unperceivable How your unconscious mind rules your behavior. (p. 5). New York, NY Random House, Inc.Simpson, D. B., Newman, J. L., Fuqua, D. R. (2007). Spirituality and personality Accumulating evidence. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 26(1), 33-44. Retrieved from http//p2048-www.liberty.edu.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/login?url=http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/docview/237251151?accountid=12085Sengupta, S. S. (2011). Growth in human motivation beyond Maslow. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations. , 41(1), 102. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/ps/i.do?id=GALEA349721391v=2.1u=vic_libertyit=rp=AONEsw=wasid=f413eec1040eb2a4fb3beb04b1bf01a5