Habits and Traits of Rove Beetles, Family Staphylinidae

Tiny rove beetles are everywhere, yet most people rarely notice these beneficial insects. Rove beetles, which belong to the family Staphylinidae, inhabit a variety of interesting ecological niches, including ant nests, fungi, decaying plant matter, dung, and carrion. What Do Rove Beetles Look Like? Most rove beetles make their living after sunset when they emerge from hiding to pursue insect prey. You’ll find rove beetles by looking in moist environments crawling with maggots, mites, or other even springtails. Some rove beetles react to perceived threats by tipping their abdomens up, as scorpions do, but this gesture is all bark and no bite. Rove beetles can’t sting, but the larger ones can inflict a nasty bite if mishandled. Adult rove beetles rarely top 25 mm in length, and most measure considerably less (under 7 mm or so long). Their elytra are noticeably shortened, though they can fly quite well thanks to functional hindwings tucked carefully underneath. In most rove beetles, you can see several exposed abdominal segments because of this diminished wing structure. Rove beetles have mouthparts modified for chewing, often with long, sharp mandibles that close sideways across the front of the head. Because many species sport a pair of short projections at the end of the abdomen, people often mistake them for earwigs. Rove beetle larvae have elongated bodies and appear slightly flattened when viewed from the side. They’re usually off-white or beige, with a darker head. Like the adults, the larvae often have a pair of projections alongside the tip of the abdomen. How Are Rove Beetles Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - ColeopteraFamily - Staphylinidae What Do Rove Beetles Eat? The large family Staphylinidae includes many rove beetle genera with eating habits as diverse as the group. Most rove beetles are predatory as adults and larvae, feeding on other, smaller arthropods. Within the family, however, you’ll find rove beetles that specialize on a diet of fungal spores, others that eat pollen, and still others that feed on the regurgitated food from ants. The Rove Beetle Life Cycle As all beetles do, rove beetles undergo complete metamorphosis. The mated female deposits a cluster of eggs near a source of food for her offspring. Rove beetle larvae typically inhabit moist environments, such as in soil covered by decaying leaf litter. The larvae feed and molt until they are ready to pupate. Pupation occurs in moist leaf litter or the soil. When the adults emerge, they are very active, especially at night. How Do Rove Beetles Behave? Some rove beetles use chemicals in clever ways to their advantage. Those in the genus Stenus, for example, live around ponds and streams, where they can find their favorite prey, springtails. Should a Stenus rove beetle suffer the unfortunate mishap of slipping into the water, it will release a chemical from its hind end which magically lowers the surface tension behind it, effectively thrusting it forward. Paederus beetles defend themselves by emitting the toxic pederin chemical when threatened. More than one entomology student has borne the blisters and burns from handling Paederus rove beetles. And at least one male rove beetle, Aleochara curtula, applies an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone to his female partner, rendering her undesirable to any future suitors. Where Do Rove Beetles Live? Rove beetles inhabit moist environments throughout the world. Though the family Staphylinidae numbers well over 40,000 species worldwide, we still know relatively little about rove beetles. The classification of rove beetles and related groups is ever-changing, and some entomologists estimate that Staphylinids may eventually number well over 100,000. Sources: Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonInsects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallKaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, by Eric R. Eaton and Kenn KaufmanRove Beetles, by Carol A. Sutherland, Extension and State Entomologist, New Mexico State University, accessed November 28, 2011

Procter Gamble Vs. Gillette Essay - 1672 Words

Proctor Gamble 1. What is Proctor Gamble’s corporate strategy? Do the company’s businesses seem to be related or unrelated? Are Gillette’s businesses closely related to PG’s businesses? How will a merger with Gillette provide a 1 + 1 = 3 effect for PG? Proctor and Gamble recently completed large restructuring, put new management in place, and cut capital spending needs. Since then they are now focused on increasing top and bottom line results after shifting business mix toward higher margin, less capital-intensive health and beauty care sectors and also gearing towards developing markets and lower-income consumers. Most of the company’s products are closely related in the sense that they are household products such as Always,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Crest is a brand of toothpaste. †¢ Dawn is a brand of dishwashing detergent. †¢ Downy/Lenor is a brand of fabric softener. †¢ Duracell is a brand of batteries and flashlights. †¢ Folgers is a brand of coffee. †¢ Gain is a brand of laundry detergent and fabric softeners. †¢ Gillette is a safety razor manufacturer. †¢ Head Shoulders is a brand of shampoo. †¢ Iams is a brand of dog and cat foods. †¢ Olay is a brand of skin lotion. †¢ Oral-B is a brand of toothbrush. †¢ Pampers is a brand of disposable diapers. †¢ Pantene is a brand of hair care. †¢ Pringles is a brand of potato crisps in many flavors. †¢ Tide is a brand of laundry detergent. Gillett’s product line was closely related to PG in a sense that their businesses tend to cater to household personal products with the exception of a few. Because of their similarities, Proctor Gamble and Gillette are a good strategic fit. Between the two entities they have the ability to combine operations, technology, resources, distribution channels and research costs in efforts to drastically cut spending. With lower costs, and the merger complete, the collaboration of Proctor Gamble and Gillette should achieve a 1+1=3 effect. 2. What is your evaluation of Proctor Gamble’s business lineup? How attractive are the industries it competes in? What is the competitive strength of each of its business segments? Does Gillette seem to compete in attractive consumer segments?Show MoreRelatedProcter Gamble vs. Gillette1857 Words   |  8 PagesProctor Gamble 1. What is Proctor Gamble’s corporate strategy? Do the company’s businesses seem to be related or unrelated? Are Gillette’s businesses closely related to PG’s businesses? How will a merger with Gillette provide a 1 + 1 = 3 effect for PG? Proctor and Gamble recently completed large restructuring, put new management in place, and cut capital spending needs. Since then they are now focused on increasing top and bottom line results after shifting business mix toward higher marginRead MoreTechnology And Innovation Management : Proctor And Gamble Company1385 Words   |  6 Pageschanged their focus on new products and business. Other than staying on Fabric Care Home Care segment these days the Procter Gamble Company (PG) additionally focused on Beauty segment, grooming segment, Health Care segment, Snacks Pet Care segment, and Baby Care Family Home Care segments. For example Procter Gamble Company deals with brands such as Braun, Crest, Fusion, Gillette, Head Shoulders, Olay, Oral-B, Pantene, Pampers, and Tide. Proctor and Gamble’s competitors As per hoovers articleRead MoreProcter and Gamble Market Analysis Essay7261 Words   |  30 Pagesprocter and gamble market analysis Executive Summary 3 Swot Analysis 4 Cash Assessment 5 Profitability Assessment 8 eARNING PER SHARE 9 MARKET ANALYSIS 10 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 10 Target marke 10 customer profile 11 major competitors and participants 12 market segmentation 12 PROJECTED MARKET GROWTH AND MARKET SHARE OBJECTIVES 13 PRODUCT AND SERVICE OFFERING 13 PRODUCT AND SERVICE UNIQUENESS 14 PRODUCT AND SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS 14 COMPETITIVE COMPARISON 15 research and developmentRead MoreThe Rise of Battery-Powered Toothbrushes Essay4501 Words   |  19 Pagespower dental accessories in U.S. food, drug and mass outlets grew by 21.8% (Neff, 2002). There are many competitors in this industry including Colgate-Palmolive and Procter Gamble. In May 2000, Colgate-Palmolive introduced the Colgate Actibrush with a retail price of $19.99 (Young, 2002). Procter Gamble was quick to follow suit and introduced the Crest SpinBrush in mid 2001 and priced it at $5.99 (Young, 2002). With 50% of the market share, the Crest SpinBrush dominatesRead MoreProcter Gamble : Business1681 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Selected : Procter Gamble Business Unit : Manufacturing Introduction: Procter Gamble , Also known as PG is an American multinational consumer goods company. The headquarters of PG is in Ohio, USA. It was founded by William Procter James Gamble, both of them are from United Kingdom. PG has 23 brands with annual revenue of $1 to $10 billion sales, 14 brands with sales of $500 million. Almost all brands hold number one or two positions in their category. All the brands have significantRead MorePG Swot Analysis10435 Words   |  42 Pagesbody washes; health and beauty aids, including cosmetics, fragrances and over the counter medications; and diapers and feminine hygiene products. Other items range from cat litter to automotive additives. The top worldwide producers include Procter and Gamble, Kimberly Clark, Unilever, Colgate-Palmolive, Church and Dwight, Clorox, and Ecolab. Industry Trends and How It Operates Given the low growth rates of population and household formations in the developed nations, it has become moreRead MoreDomestic Marketing vs International Marketing2276 Words   |  10 PagesDomestic marketing vs International marketing Domestic marketing and International marketing are same when it comes to the fundamental principle of marketing. Marketing is an integral part of any business that refers to plans and policies adopted by any individual or organization to reach out to its potential customers. A web definition defines marketing as a process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges thatRead MoreThe Transformation of Procter Gamble Into a Sustainable Serial Innovator3690 Words   |  15 PagesThe Transformation of Procter Gamble into a Sustainable Serial Innovator A New CEO It is June 6, 2010. A few minutes before a business meeting in California A.G. Lafley, Procter Gamble ´s President – Global Beauty Care and North America receives a phone call from John Pepper, Chairman of PG. John Pepper gets right to the point: â€Å"Are you prepared to accept the CEO job at PG?† Durk Jager who has been PG ´s CEO resigned the day before after 30 years of service for PG. Without too many questionsRead MorePG Marketing Mix7333 Words   |  30 PagesHistory: The  Procter amp; Gamble Company, also known as  Pamp;G,  is an American  multinational  consumer goods  company headquartered in  downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Its products include pet foods,  cleaning agents  and  personal care products. In 2012, Pamp;G recorded $83.68 billion dollars in sales William Procter, a candle maker, and  James Gamble, a soap maker, emigrated from England and Ireland respectively. They settled in Cincinnati initially and met when they married sisters, Olivia and ElizabethRead MoreFinancial Ratio Analysis11306 Words   |  46 PagesFINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS PROCTER amp; GAMBLE | PFIZER INC JANIE PRINCE FINANCE 405 | FALL 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Company Backgrounds Procter amp; Gamble William Procter and James Gamble, immigrants from England and Ireland respectively, met when they married into the Norris family. Their father-in-law suggested they build their own company since both men had useful trades- Procter was a candle maker, Gamble a soap maker. The two officially

Capture Theory and Public Interest - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Capture Theory and Public Interest. Answer: Introduction: Entry for a foreign investor in the Indian market has to be necessarily marked by a proper strategy. The strategy basically depends on the prevailing conditions like opportunities, type of business, investment sector and many more. The foreign investors can either setup their own entity or can establish a LLP (Limited Liability Partnership). The LLP is different from normal Indian entities and has to be considered under a different set of rules i.e. Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008 whereas the other national businesses are treated under the Companies Act 2013 (Basu Mishra, 2015). The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India guides the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion which is liable to issue the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy every year in respect to the foreign investments made in the country. The structure of the policy is made by the rules and regulation made by The Reserve Bank of India, Indias central bank. Only a handful of segments like insurance, real estate and non-banking financial corporation are the ones that are monitored and require apt permission while the other type of investments are free to be made in any conditions. FDI into LLPs is also permitted but only with respect to certain conditions. Also changes in the FDI may be expected by the Indian government as it has plans to attract greater foreign investments and capital (Iyengar, 2015). Income Tax is managed as per the Income Tax Act 1961, while the indirect tax which includes: Value added Tax Custom and Excise Duty can be altered as per the central and state laws. Corporate Tax which is currently 30% is about to get reduced to 25% as per the government. The government is also making plans and is set to introduce Goods and Sales Tax (GST) by 2016 which would remove the complexity of different taxes (Panchal, 2016). Exit strategy and dispute settlement in India It is well known that getting in the market is a very pressure related thing which should have alternatives and tight precautions which is referred to as the Exit strategy. An exit strategy is important because: If the partnership isnt on the same track. If a part of the authority gets into financial troubles. If the goals of the company with respect to the partner changes. Changes in market circumstances or environment. Cashing out on a project that is triumphant. Settlement of disputes in India Court system is prevalent in India to manage both central and state laws. This system is divided into three levels: The lower district courts. The high courts. The Supreme court- apex court of India. It takes time for cases to get solved in India due to the previously accumulated cases. So the commercial problems are managed in an alternate way which is named as Arbitration. A comparability test was run between the Ind AS and the IFRS which resulted in major deviation and many other differences in other areas. In respect to mandatory deviation, it was seen that IFRS offers multiple policy choices while Ind AS lays stress on one. These include: IFRS allows the income statement to be presented separately while Ind AS demands for a summoned one. IFRS categorizes profit and loss on the basis of function while Ind AS does it on nature. Categorization of interest and dividend as financing/investing cash flows. The above mentioned points can be a test for Indian companies if they reside under a global brand which follows other international rules. Another matter arises where a company has the right to follow the prescribed IFRS or to function as per another set of alternative rules. Singapore has a central location in the Asian Pacific which makes it the hub of many financial institutions which have chosen it as their headquarters or primary settled place. According to the recent records, Singapore is only behind London and New York in the Global Financial Index Centre. Singapore recently beat Japan to become the largest financial exchange hub in the whole of Asia (Li-ann, 2012). All the financial exchanges all over Singapore are maintained by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The MAS is also the central bank of Singapore. The MAS takes over on: Merchant banks. Financial advisers. Business trusts. Payments and settlement systems. Securities and future fund management. Money brokers. Finance companies. Trust companies, and Money-charging and remittance businesses. As per MAS. (2018), six key operations of MAS to manage the above segments are: Financial surveillance. Exercising resolution powers over financial institutions. Regulation, this includes setting risk-based capital and prudential requirements. Authorization, this includes monitoring the institutions which provide financial services in Singapore. Monitoring any rule breach by financial institutions, including prudential and anti-money laundering and eliminating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT), and Enforcement, which includes strict action against those institutions and individuals who breach prudential, AML/CFT and market conduct requirements (Shenoy et. al, 2009). There are other authorities as well which monitor and manage the conducts of business in Singapore like: The Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA), which maintains the business entities. The Singapore Exchange (SGX), which is the lone stock exchange in Singapore. It also has a key role in dictatorial processes related to: Member supervision. Issuer regulation. Listings, and Market surveillance. Legislation and other non-statutory publications There are different legislative rules for managing the above sectors: The Financial Advisers Act. The Business Trust Act. The Finance Companies Act. The Banking Act. The Insurance Act. The Money-Changing and Remittance Business Act. The Monetary Authority of Singapore Act. The Securities and Futures Act, and The Trust Companies Act. All the instructions, procedures, codes, circulars, FAQs and notifications are introduced by the MAS with respect to powers issued as per the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, as it is the lone financial services monitoring system for the abovementioned legislation (Andrew Boon Leong, 2012). IFRS Singapore has a dense structured IFRS in comparison to Malaysia and Indonesia. But some problems still prevail in IFRS with relation to the financial services. It was considered positive but still, the question was raised to whether it is useful and meaningful or not which have proved to be nonsense as the IFRS has been a success for accumulating capital exchanges on a high in Singapore. Analysis of Environment of India and Singapore using Capture theory The theory of regulatory capture theory might be useful because the impact of government regulation is intended for addressing the requirements of industry regulation. This means that legislators are captured by the industry, the regulation organization will be controlled by the industry finally, and the lawmen as a whole also become captured by the industry. Hence, the government regulations legislatures or government regulatory organizations facilitate in representing only the groups having special interests instead of the common public. In other words, the regulation of government intends to attain social benefits while the outcome of the special interest group is rent-seeking in nature. However, in some of the cases, government regulations can also bring various advantages for benefiting the common public but it is not the original government intention of implementation and regulation of the government (Mankiw William, 2011). In contrast to this, it is the accidental outcome of the regulation at the most. The first and foremost characteristic that sheds light on the fact that a regulatory environment may be captured is the economic rationale of such environment. The reason behind such perspective can be attributed to the fact that vested interests in an industry can have the highest financial holding in regulatory activity and are more likely to be encouraged to affect the regulatory body than the dispersed individual consumers, each of whom has very minimal incentives to try to influence the regulators (Mankiw Taylor, 2011). Furthermore, capture can also be implemented in situations wherein taxpayers or consumers have very little or poor understanding of underlying issues and the businesses enjoy a knowledgeable advantage. It is also notable that a regulatory agency must be safeguarded from outside influence as much as possible. In relation to this, it must be noted that large industries that possess a huge amount of power and resources can easily capture the regulatory bodies and u se such power to block rules at the state, provincial, or federal level that the voters may desire even though domestic interests can thwart national priorities. Hence, this is another characteristic which states that large companies having a relationship with federalism might shed light upon the fact that the regulatory environment is captured as a whole. For instance, industries associated with mining, banking, energy, construction of weapon systems, etc can easily outperform the regulatory environment and make it perform according to its wishes. In addition to this, when it can be seen that there are transfers of job betwixt the regulated and the regulator, it highlights the presence of a captured regulatory environment (World Bank, 2014). Similarly, when there is an evidence of payment from the regulated to the regulator, it signifies that the regulatory environment is captured. For example, when it comes to India, it can be observed that people who retire from Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd are again employed in higher positions in AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board). Such AERB is the nuclear regulator in India whereas NPCIL is a PSU owned by the Indian government. Such change of jobs shed light on the interests of conflicts that prevail. Besides, it has also been witnessed that the advisory committee of AERB are accommodated with people retired from or serving in NPCIL, DAE (Department of Atomic Energy), etc. Furthermore, the funding for the AERB also comes from the DAE whose nuclear installations are needed to be regulated by the AERB. Hence, the characteristic of funding betwixt the regulator and regulator is also fulfilled in this scenario as the independence of AERB is compromised. These characteristics clearly shed light on the fact that AERB is captured (Potter, 2014). Nevertheless, this also portrays a question mark whether the AERB being the nuclear regulator of India is serving the interests of its people in an effective way. In Singapore, the entire financial segment is governed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and it is also one of the few banks that operates with the government by reporting directly to the P.M. This is the reason why the Singapore government decided to appoint a cabinet minister as the chairman of MAS. This sheds light on the fact that there is a norm of transfer of jobs between the regulated and the regulator. Besides, MAS being a single financial sector governing entity is prone to risks from becoming succumbed to group think or politicised as a whole. Such sectoral model is clearly prone to a regulatory capture because firstly, there is a single powerful entity who is governing the entire financial sector of Singapore and secondly, the authority has a relationship with federalism wherein it has to sit and operate with the government of Singapore. Therefore, if the government had d ecided to appoint its cabinet minister as the first chairman of MAS, there has to be some kind of relationship whether economic or not, betwixt the government and the bank. Nevertheless, it may be feasible that the bank must have had some materialistic capture motive that has resulted in the government taking such illogical step. In such regulatory capture, the captured regulators purpose is entirely based on self-interest (Regine, 2012). Therefore, it might have happened that the decision of appointment of a cabinet minister as the chairman of MAS has resulted from political donations, bribery, or regulators wishes to sustain the funding of the government (Christina, 2008). However, the successive governments have played a key role in the present scenario by making the arrangement work through fiscal responsibilities and avoidance from interfering in the day to day affairs of MAS. Conclusion Regulatory capture theory is a part of the economics of rules and regulations. It intends to describe the rationale and reality of the governments economic regulation. From the aforesaid analysis, capture theory clearly postulates that the present industry or activity players seek to impact and ultimately take over the functioning of a regulated bureau or agency so that its affairs are directed towards benefitting the participants of such industry instead of the general public. Taking into account the regulatory environment of India, it is observable that the country is prone to several problems like taxation, foreign investment policy, entry options, etc. Furthermore, for the adoption of IFRS methods, the existing accounting standards of India are insufficient considering the requirements of being a global brand in such competitive environment (Sharp, 2014). These character traits shed light that India as a regulatory environment is easily prone to be captured. Besides, the regulato rs of Indian economy who desire maximum number of votes in the elections are the ones who can become the regulated. This is the reason why the relationship betwixt AERB and NPCIL are been reflected. It clearly shows that there are transfer of jobs betwixt such regulated and the regulator. In addition, funding of the AERB also comes from the Department of Atomic Energy. Therefore, India as a regulatory environment is surely prone to capture theory because the Indian government prioritizes economic interests instead of the welfare of the Indian public. This is the reason why AERB has failed to discharge its duties towards the general public (Sharp, 2014). Moreover, the dispute settlement issues that prevail in the regulatory environment of India also gives confidence to the government so that they can compromise the requirements of the general public for the betterment of the regulatory industry. In contrast to this, when it comes to Singapore, although there is one financial regulator MAS that governs all banking and financial regulations across the country, yet it must be taken into account that the MAS itself sits with the Singapore government. Furthermore, Singapore has also failed to adopt the best methods for IFRS and instead, it faces issues in relation to financial services. Nevertheless, there is always a risk of MAS becoming succumbed to groupthink or becoming politicized as a whole. Besides, the Singapore government has a better opportunity when it comes to capturing theory as it does not have to make arrangements with different industries and instead, only one major industry can allow it to gain a competitive advantage in the market that is not intended for the well-being of the general public (Thomas et. al, 2010). Therefore, these points shed light on the fact that the captured regulators objective is primarily based on self-interest and without powerful policie s and procedures in the countrys regulatory environment; the captured theory cannot be avoided. Overall, such capturing remains ongoing in a way that the regulations remain unfavorable to the interests of the players in the regulated industry but they attain the position of turning the situation around in a way that works for the benefit of the entire industry instead of the public. References Andrew Boon Leong, P. (2012). The Law of Contract in Singapore. Singapore: Academy Publishing Basu, N., Mishra, D. (2015, January 13). India suffers from an unpredictable regulatory environment: John Castellani. Retrieved from https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/india-should-develop-a-robust-enforceable-legal-framework-through-the-proposed-national-ipr-policy-john-castellani-115011100257_1.html Christina D, R. (2008). Business Cycles. Oxford University Press Diane, C. (2014). GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History. Princeton University Press Gary Kok Yew, C., Pey Woan, L. (2011). The Law of Torts in Singapore. Singapore: Academy Publishing, Graham, D. (2006). Economics and Economic Change. Prentice Hall. Iyengar, R. (2015, September 13). India Has Overtaken the U.S. and China to Top Spot in a Key World Foreign Investment Table. Retrieved from https://time.com/4055183/india-fdi-greenfield-top-rank-u-s-china/ Li-ann, T. (2012). A Treatise on Singapore Constitutional Law. Singapore:Academic Publishing Mankiw, N. G., William M. S. (2011). Macroeconomics. Canadian ed, New York: Worth Mankiw, N.G., Taylor, M.P. (2011). Economics. Andover: Cengage Learning MAS. (2018). Monetary Authority of Singapore. Retrieved from https://www.mas.gov.sg/regulations-and-financial-stability/regulatory-and-supervisory-framework.aspx Panchal, S. (2016, August 7). India's tax, regulatory environment challenging: Foreign investors in PwC survey. Retrieved from https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/indias-tax-regulatory-environment-challenging-foreign-investors-in-pwc-survey/44085/1 Potter, M.R. (2014). Capture Theory and the Public Interest: Balancing Competing Values to Ensure Regulatory Effectiveness. International Journal of Public Administration, 37, 638-645. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.903266 Regine, F. (2012). Protectionism and Free Trade: A Countrys Glory or Doom? International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(3), 55-62 Sharp, D. (2014). Introduction to Regulatory Capture Theory. Retrieved from https://economics.org.au/2014/02/introduction-to-regulatory-capture-theory/ Shenoy, George T.L., Loo, Wee Ling. (2009). Principles of Singapore Business Law. Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia Thomas, C.G., Soule, A.B., Davis, T.B. (2010). Special Interest Capture of Regulatory Agencies, A Ten?Year Analysis of Voting Behavior on Regional Fishery Management Councils, 38(3), 447-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00369.x World Bank. (2014). World Development Indicators (WDI). World Bank

The rooftop garden project

Introduction Making use of the unused spaces, for instance, the rooftops, which are abundant in many colleges and universities, is a creative solution which can contribute to developing an eco-friendly environment among other beneficial aspects. Rooftop greening can help in solving some of the common environmental problems, hence this is an effective way to ensure reduction of negative consequences which may result in a climate change. This report aims at giving limelight to the rooftop garden project that is carried out in the university.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The rooftop garden project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Objectives The project’s major objective is to make use of the dead space on the rooftop, reduce carbon emission and encourage behaviour change among the students. It also aims at cultivating environmental awareness and promoting exchange of values between the sustainability indu stry and students. Finally, the project will support the government as well as the locals in ensuring arrangement of green spaces in the city. Research questions The research questions that will help in achieving the above objectives include the following ones: How does integrating the key elements of the promotion mix help in achieving the environmental sustainability objectives? How can the Internet be effective in managing relationships with the students? What is Geo-demographic segmentation, and what value does it have? How would you approach developing organizational or business profiles to achieve environmental sustainability objectives? Methodology This study will address the above questions by focusing on scholarly materials, such as books, journals and other online databases. How does integrating the key elements of the promotion mix help in achieving the environmental sustainability objectives? Shannon (1996, pp. 56-68) asserts that promotion mix is generally a combinati on of all the promotional methods that are used in the promotion of a certain product. The four major elements of promotion mix are public relations, advertising, sales promotion and personal selling. These elements, if implemented, can help a lot in ensuring that the objectives of the project are fully achieved. These elements will help in environmental sustainability as they will play a major role in informing, reminding as well as persuading the target audience, which in this case, are students, on the importance of coming up with a rooftop garden and ensuring that the free space is fully utilized, and the environment is eco-friendly. The green vegetation will ensure that there is reduction of carbon emissions. Advertisement and personal selling will ensure that the students are enlightened on how the university communities benefit from the rooftop garden, thus encouraging positive behavior and cultivation of environmental awareness as part of their lifestyle.Advertising Loo king for report on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, through advertisements and public relations, there will be exchange of values between the students through education. The four promotional mix elements, if fully utilized, will help in supporting the government in their efforts to come up with a greener city and conserve water. Moreover, the promotional mix will attract attention, increase interest, desire and action among the students. Due to attention paid, the students will acquire knowledge and awareness on the importance of building green rooftops in the university, hence developing an interest that will result in liking and preference of the entire project. Desire will create conviction among the students that the project is vital and hence should be supported with a prompt action (Mangold 2009, pp. 357-365 ; Pride et al, 2006). At this point, it will be also important to note some of the factors tha t might affect promotion mix, for example, available funds, the push and pull strategies, among others (Gilbert, 1999). Being aware of such factors will help overcome any challenges that might lead to the project futile. Public relations, as an element of promotional mix, will help in environmental sustainability as it will help in educating the consumers, who are the students in this case, on the importance of rooftop garden in the university. Additionally, it will lead to student satisfaction with the project as due to this, beneficial views will be exchanged that will help promote the entire project. Another factor is personal selling which is quite crucial in this project. It will help in offering detailed information on the entire project. Also, it will facilitate in controlling the message, focusing only on the targeted audience and managing the costs that might be incurred in the whole process (Waterschoot and Bulte 1992, pp. 83-93). This in relation to environmental sustaina bility will help in ensuring that information is received by the right people, and they are given detailed and crucial information for the benefit of such a project. Importance of the Internet in managing relationships with the students In today’s marketing environment, the Internet is an effective tool for marketing communications. The Internet is applicable to students as part of the current marketing concept as it helps in supporting numerous functions and processes which deliver crucial information to the consumers (students) and other interested stakeholders. Moreover, the Internet is a powerful communication tool that acts as corporate glue in integrating the diverse functions of the organization (Walsh and Godfrey 2000, pp. 85-92). In this case, the Internet will aid in ensuring smooth communication with the students focusing on building a rooftop garden and why they should invest into such an idea.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The rooftop ga rden project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is understood that for the project to flourish, there ought to be an effectual relationship with the consumers, as well as other school stakeholders. In that case, the interactive multimedia interface of the Internet offers an ideal environment to enhance such relationships, and the databases create a major foundation for storing of information concerning such kind of interaction as well as providing information to strengthen customer-manager connection, thus yielding positive effects. The use of the Internet helps enhance relationships, and in this case, it is understood that the online marketing will contribute to more effective targeting, reducing costs and enhancing the level, quality and nature of the relationship. Bauer et al (2002, pp. 155-163) and Sharma (2002, pp. 77-84) agree that communication is a very unique activity which helps in the creation of relationships, and the Int ernet facilitates in achieving this major need. Consumer profiling Consumer profiling is coming up with a database of consumer motivations, lifestyles, as well as shopping habits. It also facilitates in understanding the untapped potentials in the market, choosing better ideas and enhancing target marketing. At this point of the report, it is important to know that consumer profiling is quite important in ensuring that the above objectives are met. We should hence discuss Geo-demographic segmentation and how developing organizational profiles can achieve environmental sustainability objectives. Geo-demographic segmentation and its value In marketing, the term Geo-demographic segmentation refers to a multivariate classification technique which helps in discovering whether the individuals of a certain population fall into diverse groups. This is done through making effective quantitative comparisons of numerous characteristics (Coss 1995, pp. 171-198). Mitchell and McGoldrick (1994, p p. 54-72) state that Geo-demographic segmentation is important as it helps classify buyers according to their interests, preferences and needs. In this case, it allows to analyze the students’ feedback on the subject matter and know how best to convince them that the project is, indeed, worthwhile. Markets consist of consumers, and it is rational to assert that those customers differ in various aspects. For example, they might prefer different products, the place they want to buy the goods as well as have their own motivations to use this service or produce. In consumer markets, psychographic variables are quite popular. In psychographic setting, the consumers are usually structured according to social class or even their character. The marketers usually research on ways to approach such consumers basing on such elements. As far as social class is concerned, most people define the class on the basis of personal wealth, income, education, background, among others. Particular p roducts are immensely influenced by background and social class, hence it is clear that social class is a great factor to differentiate consumer and market behavior in various product categories.Advertising Looking for report on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, people’s interest in diverse products is usually determined by their lifestyles, hence consumers express their lifestyles on the basis of the goods that they consume. For instance, in building rooftop gardens, it is important to focus on the lifestyle, the social class, interests as well as the motivations of the students. This will give an opportunity to know how to communicate the subject matter to them in a way that will interest them. How to approach developing business or organizational profiles to achieve environmental sustainability objectives Sustainable developments as well as effective management of all the environmental impacts have become the main goals for policy action at local and global levels. It is hence recognized that understanding of sustainability and integrating its methods as well as principles into daily practice are significant for the social, economic and environmental welfare. An organizational profile is quite vital as it will offer an insight into the major factors that shape an operating environment. Organizational profiles impact the way the business is run as well as the decisions made. Also, it helps one understand the business operations, process, managing performance and what it will take for the business to succeed. Moreover, it allows the entrepreneur to have a good look at their projects before running into risk. So as to achieve environmental sustainability objectives, it is crucial to come up with a business profile which, for instance, will explain briefly who we are, our objectives, why students should support us and the major importance of the whole project to the student community. This will help in informing people on the project concerned and how it can help in conserving the environment as well as positively impacting the students. In consumer profiling, the Internet can play a major role as when people develop relationships, they tend to become aware of other people’s lifestyle, motiv ators, background, and attitudes, among other social and psychological segments. This will empower to group the consumers according to such clusters, when advertising the project, and easily respond to their feedback. The role of marketing in climate change Marketing has continued to play a major role in climate change. There have been vast solutions to climate change that have been proposed in the newspapers. Some of the common market based solutions that have been stated are, for instance, carbon-trading schemes and heightened efficiency of businesses. Through marketing, people get to learn the results of the economic benefits that come along with green marketing opportunities, hence such solutions emphasize on the potential for the existing market structures, in order to solve the problem of climate change. Marketing is a key business strategy that has been used to adapt to climate extremes, natural seasonality and climate change. Through marketing, organizations are able to warn people and even predict the future trend in the market themselves. In combination with the marketing messages, people get to know about climate change and how they can come up with effective strategies to enhance sustainability. Due to marketing for climate change, threatened destinations have been rarely heightened by marketing among the tourism operators in those regions where climate change impacts have been observed. For example, climate change has become one of the main interpretive themes in a region, such as Kenal National Park in Alaska (Fhi and McGregor, 2009). Marketing has a key element, such as advertising that has integrated climate change in the business strategies, thus due to marketing and advertisements, we are able to learn about global warming. It is through marketing we are able to get crucial news, such as the alleged Himalayan glaciers going dry. If this is the case, the consumers will be able fully to prepare to the change since in such a case, Himalayan Glac iers are the main source of the seven vastest rivers in Asia, hence the effects on agriculture will be enormous. Today, the advertisers and marketers are selling a fear factor to the consumers, who are facing a period of climate change, though most of them have made an effort to give recommendations to solve the current climate change problem that is facing the nation (Carrol1 1991, pp. 15-20). Marketing has a major role in ensuring reliability, delivering of valuable information, being honest with the consumers and fully responsible to the customers. Little progress has been made in developing the best way to influence climate change based on the behavior of a particular population, mostly given the likelihood of the numerous negative consequences, which might arise, such as environmental, economic and health impacts. Research on individual climate change, mitigation attitudes and behaviors has focused on four broad categories, namely, transportation behavior, household energy use, buying of green products and recycling surface (Matbach et al 2008, pp. 488-497). Marketing helps in influencing individual level drivers of a certain population behavior and gives recommendations on green energy programs. It also plays a major role in influencing social network and community level drivers as far as population behavior that causes climate change is concerned. Also, the marketing campaigns help in reaching and influencing the audiences effectively hence these campaigns ought to be based on audiences’ lifestyle, interests, and values, among others. Segmentation using various psychosocial variables offers a promising approach in the area of climate change awareness. Though the major aim of marketing, as far as climate change is concerned, is to inform the consumers on the climate changes, Johnaton (2000, pp. 563-569) argues that marketing has not been very effective as it ought to be. Some of the major impacts of climate change are usually felt by developing na tions due to the fact that they are usually located in the tropics as well as the various demographic, socioeconomic and policy trends that limit their capacity to adapt to the changes. However, as noted, the impacts are usually difficult to predict due to the lack of knowledge on the causes of climate change and how the problem can be curbed. It is the role of marketing to educate people on issues related to climate change, so as to reduce or better curb the related risks. Marketing recognizes the major impacts of climate change as well as the building adaptation and mitigation into the business strategies which help the companies to maximize their benefits when the economy recovers. It is hence clear that marketing plays a major role in climate change and its responsibilities ought not to be underestimated as they have been. Conclusion The study deeply focuses on rooftop gardening and how the promotion mix elements can help in sustaining the projects’ main objectives. To gi ve more light to the project, the paper discusses the role of the Internet in managing relationships, consumer profiling and finally marketing as far as climate change is concerned. It is unambiguous that the Internet plays a major role in enhancing relationships and ensuring environmental sustainability just like the promotional mix elements. 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You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.